Dip co-ordinator



2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Robert B. Briggs Feb. 1, 1949. w. T. KNAUTH ET AL DIPCO-ORDINATOR Filed Feb. 24, 1948 ill Feb. 1, 1949. w. T. KNAUTH ET AL2,460,642

' DIP GO-ORDINATOR Patented Feb. 1, 1949 ATENT' OFFICE DIP CO-ORDINATORWalter T. Knauth and Robert B. Briggs,

' -Houston, Tex.

Application February 24, 1948, Serial No. 10,288

9 Claims.

This invention relates to a dip co-ordinator.

An object of the invention is to provide a plotting instrument speciallydesigned to plot reflection planes from reflection shooting data showingsaid planes in two dimensional space and in their proper position withrespect to the surface line, the point at which the shot occurs I ingearth formation beneath the surface by causing an explosion at aselected point, commonly known as the shot point, and about whichgeophones have been arranged, and then collecting and correlating thedata, registered by the geophones, and resulting from the vibrationscaused by the explosion. The instrument herein described has beenspecially designed to simplify the reduction of said data to practicalform and use.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the followingspecification which is illustrated by the accompanying drawings,wherein:

Figure 1 is a plan view of the instrument.

Figure 2. is a plan view of the base plates viewed as indicated by theline 2-2 of Figure 3.

. Figure 3 is a front elevation, partly in section, taken on the line3--3 of Figure 1. I t

Figure 4 is a fragmentary, side elevation.

Figure 5 is a vertical, sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Figure3. v

Figure 6 is an end view as indicated by the lin 6-6 of Figure 4.

Figure 7 is a fragmentary, side View as indicated by the line 1- inFigure '1, and

Figure 8' is a diagramillustrating the use of the instrument. I

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, whereinlike numerals ofreference designate similar parts in each of the figures, the numerals Iand 2 designate end supporting Plates the former of which is,preferably, relatively narrow and extends fore and aft and the latter ofwhich-is approximately triangular with its inner apex terminating in apointer 3 which, in using the instrument, will usually be located at theshot point shown on the reflection plane to be plotted.

Upstanding from these plates are the respective anchors 4 and 5 to whichthe corresponding ends of the track 6 are fixed. In the presentillustration this track is shown as being cylindrical in'shape.

Mounted in suitable bearings in these respective anchors 4 and 5 andhaving swivelling connections therewith and, in the presentillustration, above the track 6 there is an externally threaded shaft1', one end of which extends beyond the anchor 4. Fixed on this extendedend there is a thumb knob 8 by means of which the shaft may be turned.

Slidably mounted on the track 6 there is a sleeve 9 upstanding from theinner end of which there is a guide it] through which the shaft 'ipasses loosely. Upstanding from the other end of the sleeve 9 there is abearing member ll through which the shaft '1 is threaded.

There are the opposed, similar, protractors l2 and i3 which are fixed onsuitable plates l4 and 15. The plate I4 is fastened on the guide I0 andbearing member I! and the plate 15 is fastened on the anchor 5.

These protractor supporting plates have the forwardly extended, inwardlyconverging, arms I6 and I1, respectively and pivotally mounted on thefree ends of these respective arms are the pointers l8 and i9 whose freeends co-operate with the, corresponding protractor scales. The pointersl8 and I9 are pivoted at the centers of the corresponding protractorscale circles, which centers are in a line parallel with the shaft l.

Extending forwardly from the pivoted ends of the respective pointers l8and I9 there are the arms 20 and 2| the former of which is slightlylonger than the latter.

Fastened to the guide In and extending forwardly and inwardly there is apointer 22, and

above it and anchored to said guide l0 there is a forwardly and inwardlyextended arm 23. A clevis 24 has its upper end connected to the free endof the arm 20 and the lower end of the clevis is connected to the freeend of the arm-23 by means of a link 25.

The clevis 24 forms a connection for one end of the flexible measuringtape 26. This tape passes also through a narrow vertical slit in theguide 21, which depends from the free end of the arm 2!, and thencepasses between the guide rollers 28, 28 and around the idler roller 29and thence behind the vertical wave-travel indicator l5a, depending fromplate l5, and is spooled onto the spool 30. The rollers 28 and 29 aremounted torotate between the upper arm I! and an aligned, similarlyshaped lower arm 3| which is fixed to the anchor 5.

' there is a supporting arm 42.

The spool 30 is mounted on a sleeve 32 to rotate therewith and the outerend of this sleeve is formed with an integral grip member 33 whereby thesleeve and spool may be turned. The sleeve 32 surrounds, and is mountedon, a post 34 which is anchored to and upstands from plate 2. This postis tubular and internally threaded and its upper end is longitudinallyslitted forming expansible friction J'aws 34a. These jaws are taperedoutwardly, internally, and a tapering expander 35 is fitted between saidjaws and its inner end is threaded into the post 34. Its upper end'extends above said post and is formed with an integral head 56 forming agrip member whereby it may be turned to control the expansion of saidjaws and their frictional engagement with the sleeve 32. In other wordsthe spool is provided with a friction clutch whereby its rotation aboutpost 34 may be controlled.

Slidably mounted on the track between the protractors there is a sleeve31.

Upstanding from this sleeve there is an anchor 37a through which theshaft 1 is threaded.

Extending forwardly from the upper end of the anchor 51a there is an arm31b and mounted on the forward end of this arm there is a bearing 38 inwhich the rod 39 is slidably mounted.

The forward end of this rod is secured to the upper end of an invertedU-shaped bracket 40 having the side legs 4|, 4| and secured to andextending forwardly from these side legs 4| Depending from the forwardend of this arm 42 there is a semicylindrical shield 43 in which anidler roller 44 is mounted to rotate on a vertical axis and themeasuring tape 25 is looped around said roller 44, passing through thespace between the legs 4| and between the opposing vertical rollers 45,45 which depend from the forwardly extended arm 42.

The lower ends of the legs 4| are anchored to a transversely oblong base46 whose forward margin is formed into a straight edge 41 which is invertical alignment with the rollers 45.

Mounted on the bearing 38 there is a suitable tensioning device 49 ofany selected construction and a flexible wire 50 is attached, at oneend, to the rear end of the rod 39 and its other end is connected to thetensioning mechanism of said tensioning device whereby the roller at theforward end of the rod 39 will hold the measuring tape loopedtherearound under tension.

The threads of the shaft I through the bearing member II have twice thepitch of the threads of said shaft through the anchor 310: so that, asthe shaft 1 is turned, the rack members 2 and |3 will be maintainedspaced the same distance on opposite sides of the pivot point of shaft39.

To illustrate a use of the instrument and assuming a shot is fired at orjustunder the surface of the earth and a seismic reflection recorded onfive geophones placed on said surface equal distances, of five hundredfeet, apart in a straight line extending westward and with the nearestgeophone located one thousand feet from said shot point 5| Figure 8. Asillustrated graphically in Figure 8, on a scale in which one inch equalsone thousand feet, this east-west line is indicated by EW and representsthe surface of the earth, and the geophones are indicated by thenumerals l, 2', 3', 4' and 5.

The above arrangement may be laid out graphically and the instrument maybe placed on the graph with the forward margins, or straight edges, ofthe supporting plates l and 2 along the line EW of the graph with thepointer 3 at the shot point 5|. The instrument should be firmly securedin this position. This may be done in any preferred manner, as by thumbtacks through the holes, as 52, in the supporting plates and 2. Thepointer 22 should be moved by rotation of shaft 1 to the center of thegeophone spread, that is to the indicated geophone 3.

Assuming, now, that the seismic reflection was recorded on geophone 3'in two and five tenths (2.5) seconds after the shot was fired and thatthe seismic wave generated by the shot travelled at an average speed ofseven thousand feet per second and overall travel of this wave wasfourteen thousand three hundred and fifty feet. The reflection planesare indicated on the graph by the numerals 2", 3", 4" and 5".

This overall wave travel of fourteen thousand three hundred and fiftyfeet may now be established on the instrument by rotating spool 30 untilthe wave travel indicator |5a corresponds to fourteen thousand threehundred and fifty feet on tape 25 and the tape locked in this positionby the jaws 34a. In this position of the tape 25 the scale is soarranged that the total distance from pointer 3, corresponding to theshot point, to the mid-point between rollers 45, which corresponds toreflection plane 3", and back to the pointer 22, which corresponds tothe center of geophone spread 3', remains constant at 14.35 inches whilethe straight edge 41, corresponding to the line 5", on the graph may beoscillated for the final instrument setting.

Assuming now that the record also showed that the geophone received aseismic reflection .079 of a second later than geophone 5' it would meanthat the wave travel from shot point 5| to reflection plane I" and backto geophone I, calculated at seven thousand feet per second, would befive hundred and fifty three feet further than the wave travel from shotpoint 5| to reflection plane 5" and back to geophone 5'.

., Thus, there is graphically formed the angle 53,

5', I whose trigonometric sin is distance 53 to l' (553 feet) divided bydistance 5, I (2000 feet) or numerically .275. Thus the angle 53, 5', Iis established as sixteen degreeswhichcorresponds to the angle whose sinis .275.

The straight edge 41 may nowxbe moved until the pointer l8 reads 16degrees on the negative portion of the protractor scale I2. This anglesetting illustrated on the graph corresponds to the angle 54, 3, 5,which equals the calculated angle 53,5, I.

Since in the above example geophone 5' re ceived the reflected waveearlier and not later than the geophone the stepout time, that is thetime dela in reflection arrival to geophone 5 over that of geophone anegative stepout time was thereby indicated; consequently, thecalculated angle of 16 degrees'was in reality a negative angle and thepointer l8 was therefore moved upward on the negative portion of thescale. When the instrument is in this position the profile of thereflection plane may be drawn along the straight'edge as 5", I" on thegraph. For all practical purposes the length of the profile plane maybehalf of the geophone spread or one inch on the graph, but should beequal distance to right and left from the vertical line where the tape26 passes through between the rollers 45.

Since seismic reflections follow the law governing reflections namely,the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, itis essential inorder to approximate this relation within limits that straight edge 41remain perpendicular to a line from its center to a point on the linethrough, and midway between, pointers 3 and 22. The straight edge 41,therefore, is mounted perpendicular to the rod 39 and the rod 39 extendsthrough the bearing block 38 which remains pivoted in vertical alignmentwith, and

half way between, pointers 3"and 22 for all positions of pointer 22.This results from having the threaded portion ofshaft l which moves'sleeve 31 threaded to half the pitch of that portion of the shaftthreaded through the bearing mem-.

ber ll.

The drawings and description illustrate and describe what is nowconsidered to bea preferred'form of the invention, however, by way ofillustration only while the broad principle of the invention will bedefined by the appended claims.

What we claim is:

1. An instrument of the character described comprising, supportingmeans-having a fixed tractors, a tension rod support slidableon-the rtrack and through which said shaft is threaded, a forwardly extendedtension rod .on the support, anti-friction means carried by the forwardend of the rod, a flexible measuring tape movable about saidanti-friction means and one end of which is connected to one ofthepivotal pointers,

said tape also having a slidable operative connection with the otherpivotal pointerand storage means on which the other end of the tape maybe stored.

2. An instrument of the character describedcomprising, supporting means,a fixed pointer and a movable pointer thereon, a rotatable threadedshaft on the supporting means, protractors, one fixed on the supportingmeans and a protractor support slidable on the supporting means and withwhich the shaft has a threaded connection and on which the otherprotractor is mounted, pointers pivotally mounted with respect to, andarranged to co-operate with, the corresponding protractors, and havingextensions, a tension rod support slidable on the supporting means andthrough which the shaft is threaded, a tension rod slidable on thesupport, anti-friction means carried by said rod, a flexible measuringtape movable about said antifriction means and one end of which isattached to one extension, said tape also having an operative slidableconnection with the other exten-- sion and storage means on which theother end of the tape may be spooled.

3. An instrument of the character described comprising, supportingmeans, a fixed pointer and a movable pointer thereon, a rotatablethreaded shaft on the supporting means, protractors, one fixed on thesupportingmeans and a protractor support slidable on the supportingmeans and with which the shaft has a threaded respect to, and arrangedto co-operate with, the

corresponding protractors, and having extensions, a tension rodsupportslidable onthe supporting means and through which the shaft istrack on the supporting means, a shaft aligned withjthe track,protractors, one fixed to the supporting means and a protractor supportslidable on the track with which the shaft has a threaded connection andon which the other protractor is mounted, pointers pivotally mountedwith respect to, and arranged to co-operate with, said protractors, atension rod support slidable on the track and through which said shaftis threaded, a forwardly extended tension rod on,

the support, anti-friction means carried by the forward end of the rod,a flexible measuring tape movable about said anti-friction means-andoneend-of which is connectedto one of the pivotal pointers, said tape alsohaving a slidable operative connection with the other pivotal pointer,storage meanson which the other end of the tape may be stored and afixed wave indicator in advance of the storage roll adjacent which thetape passes.

5. An instrument of the character described comprising, supportingmeans, a fixed .pointer and a movable pointer thereon, a rotatablethreaded shaft on the supporting means, protractors, one fixed on thesupporting means and a protractor support slidable on the supportingmeans and with Which the shaft has a threaded connection and on whichthe other protractor is mounted, pointers pivotally mounted with respectto, and arranged to co-operate with, the corresponding protractors, andhaving extensions, a

.tension rod support slidable on the supporting one end of which isattached to one extension,

- said tape also having an operative slidable connection with the otherextension and storage means on which the other end of the tape may bespooled.

, 6. An instrument of the character described comprising, supportingmeans, a fixed pointer and a movable pointer thereon, a rotatablethreaded shaft on the supporting means, protractors, one fixed on thesupporting means and a protractor support slidable on the supportingmeans and with which the shaft has a threaded connection and on whichthe other protractor is mounted, pointers pivotally mounted with respectto, and arranged to co-operate with, the corresponding protractors, andhaving extensions, a tension rod support slidable on the supportingmeans and through which the shaft is threaded, a tension rod slidable onthe support, a bearing surface carried by said rod, a, flexiblemeasuring tape movable about said bearing surface and one end of whichis attached to one extension, means adjacentv said bearing surface forholding, the

runs. of the, tape closelytogether, said tape. also having? an.operative slidable. connection with the other extension, storage meanson which the other end of the tape may be spooled and re silient means,adapted to act against the rod to maintain the runs of the tape undertension.

7'. An instrument of the character described comprising, supportingmeans having a straight edge, a fixed and a movable pointer on thesupporting means aligned with the straight edge, a rotatable threadedshaft on the supporting means, protractors, one fixed on the supportingmeans and a protractor support movable along the supporting means andwith which the shaft has a threaded connection and on which the otherprotractor is mounted, pointers pivotally mounted with respect to, andarranged to 00- operatewith, the corresponding protractors, a tensionrod support slidable on the supporting means and with which the shafthas a threaded connection, said support having a bearing mounted topivot on a vertical axis, a tension rod slidable in said bearing, astraight edge carried by, and at right angles to, said rod, a bearingsurface carried by the forward end of said rod, a flexible measuringtape movable about said surface and one of which has connection with onepivotal pointer, said tape also having an operative slidable connectionwith the other pointer and storage means on which the other end of thetape may be spooled.

8. An instrument for plotting reflection planes from geophysical datasaid instrument having a straight edge adapted to be positioned tocoincide with a base reference line which indicates, graphically, thegeophone arrangement with reference to the shot point, point markers onefixed and the other adjustable longitudinally relative to said straightedge, a graduated tape provided to represent the graphical, overall Wavetravel, a protractor for indicating the graphical angle between thereflected wave andthe shot point, a tape guide rod adjustablelongitudinally and pivotally mounted midway between the graphical shotpoint and the graphical center of the. geophone spread so that the angleof incidence is substantially equal to the angle of reflection of thegraphical wave travel relative to the final graphical plot of reflectionplane.

' 9. An instrument for plotting reflection planes from geophysical datacomprising, supporting means having a straight edge, a fixed and amovable pointer on the supporting means and substantially aligned withthe straight edge, a tension rod support movable relative to thesupporting means, a tension rod mounted to slide longitudinally on, andto pivot on a vertical axis relative, to, said support, adjusting meanson the supporting means with Which said support has an adjustableconnection, protractors, one fixed on the supporting means and aprotractor support movable along the supporting means and with which theadjusting means has an adjustable connectionand on which the otherprotractor is mounted, pointers pivotally mounted with respect to, andarranged to co-operate with, the corresponding protractors, astraight-edge carried by, and at, substantially, right angles to saidrod, a bearing at the forward end of the rod, ,a flexible measuring tapemovable about said bearing and one end of which is connected to onepivotal pointer said tape also having an operative slidable connectionwith the other pointer.

' WALTER T. KNAUTH. ROBERT B. BRIGGS.

' No references cited.

